Chapter 6: 1845, 1848 Letters

In my mother’s wonderful eclectic collection of family treasures were letters from 1845 and 1848. The letters were folded into an envelope, and then addressed. The contents of the letters are typed out in Chapter 6 in The Mill on Halfway Brook.

The last letter in this post was written in 1845 to James and Hannah Eldred, from their daughter Mary Ann Eldred, my great-grandmother. You can see the address sideways on the left. Perhaps of interest is that James Eldred was the Postmaster of Lumberland from 1831 to 1851. The post office was one room of James and Hannah Eldred’s home.

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The Bunkhouse from Chapter Five

Sherman B., or Buckley, as Sherman Buckley Leavenworth was called, was one of those lumberjacks. Buckley’s wife Charlotte, according to the family story, was the cook for the lumberjacks who lived in the bunkhouse.


Possibly the old bunkhouse on the right. Old photo courtesy of my cousin Linda.

The early bunkhouses for lumbermen were small with dirt floors. Their later living quarters were usually in a larger building.

The ground floor contained a room for the cook (who could be a woman, as in the case of my great-great-grandmother Charlotte Ingram Leavenworth), and a dining room. Meals were served on long board tables, and the crew were only allowed in the room at meal time. A “men’s room” was at the end of the room where the crew could relax, read, grind their axes, or tell stories in the evening.

A ladder went to the attic where there were tiers of bunks for sleeping. A one story log building was used as a barn for the horses and a storehouse for hay and oats.

In the above old photo of the Leavenworth home, the larger building on the right (which is no longer there) and the small one story building in front, seem to match the description of the loggers’ living quarters mentioned in this post.

When it was in use, the first floor of the larger building (on the right) was the family’s summer kitchen and the upstairs was the servant quarters.

Source: Fox, William Freeman, “A History of the Lumber Industry in the State of New York”, published in the Sixth Annual Report of the New York Forest, Fish, and Game Commission, 1901.

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Chapter 5: The Mill on Blind Pond Brook

Between Beaver Brook Mills and Halfway Brook Village, was Blind Pond, which had a brook of the same name. A mile or so southeast of Blind Pond was a sawmill powered by Blind Pond Brook.


Blind Pond Brook. Photo courtesy of my cousin Cynthia.


Stonewalls where the old mill used to stand. Photos courtesy of Cynthia.


The Posts that at one time were vertical. Photo courtesy of my cousin Cynthia.

    A sluice was created utilizing the large vertical posts placed
    vertically in the brook. Horizonal boards would be raised or
    lowered against the posts. In this way the flow of water to the
    waterwheel could be regulated.

Visible from the sawmill was a bunkhouse built by a lumber company
(perhaps the nearby St. John-Dodge operation), as living quarters for
the lumberjacks that worked for them.


View from Blind Pond Brook near where the old sawmill was. The
bunkhouse most likely was to the left of the house. Photo courtesy
of my cousin Cynthia.

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May Flood 1832

During the winter, large quantities of lumber from the Halfway Brook mills were drawn to Barryville, made into rafts, then taken to Handsome Eddy, two or three miles further down the river. There they waited for the spring freshets.

At Handsome Eddy, considered a safe place for rafts no matter what the water level, the rafts were combined into larger rafts—a double raft made of two single rafts lashed together, which was the usual, or a six-handed raft made of three rafts. The completed rafts were anchored and lashed together before they were launched into the Delaware River.

In early spring 1832, at least 2,000,000 feet, and 20 to 25 double rafts of sawn lumber sat at Handsome Eddy, ready to float to market. The water level of the river remained low through the first week of May, which was unusual. Owners were anxious to get their rafts to market; the raftmen were uneasy about doing so in such low water. What to do?

Starting May 8, 1832, it rained violently day and night for three days and nights. The Delaware River, a raging flood, was covered with the valuable lumber and rafts which had been anchored in Handsome Eddy. Only David Quick’s raft was saved because it was in a favorable position.

The “May flood,” was the highest known until the flood of 1869 and one in 1895, which was 16 inches higher.
—Johnston’s Reminiscences, p. 276

Halfway Brook as it leaves Eldred. Photo courtesy of my cousin Cynthia.

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Chapter 4: Reverend Felix Kyte, The Congregational Church 1832 to 1835

You ask the probable amount we would raise per Sabbath. I think we could raise $5 dollars per Sabbath for a season amongst ourselves…

At the place in which we live there is a school house in which we hold our meetings on every Sabbath on Halfway Brook, four miles from the Delaware and Hudson Canal. Several miles west, there is a meeting house, but few of our members are there and no meeting kept up.”—James Eldred, August 7, 1832.

Chapter 4 tells the story of the arrival of the Congregational Church Pastor, Felix Kyte. Felix Kyte performed the wedding ceremonies for both my Austin and my Leavenworth Great-Grandparents.

Felix Kyte wrote about the years he was pastor in the Towns of Highland, Lumberland and Tusten. The Kyte Narrative was originally published in 1875. In writing Chapter 4, I used a copy of The Kyte Narative, reprinted as a publication of The Shohola Railroad & Historical (Society 2000) that was given to me; and a hand written copy of my great aunt Aida Austin that was loaned to me by my cousin Melva.

The Kyte family moved to several different places before finally getting their own home which is shown on the 1870 Beers map below.


Map courtesy of Frank V Schwarz.

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Chapter 3: Life in Lumberland 1825 to 1831

The work of most people in the area was related in some way to lumbering. Each lumbering company had its small community of employees, most of whom lived in make-shift tenements, and some did not have a garden. But all received wages which left no surplus at the end of the year.
—John W. Johnston, Reminiscences.

Chapter 3 can be previewed by clicking on the link to the right.

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Large tree trunk by Glass Pond. Photo courtesy of Mary B. Austin.

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Chapter Two: The Mill on Halfway Brook

Sixty years ago in December just closed, Grandfather Eldred came to this neighborhood. At that time it was called Lumberland. Uncle C.C.P. Eldred was a little over seven years old. Came from Orange County, Wallkill Township to Halfway Brook on the old Cochecton Road.

Here they found a sawmill and log house. No other building of any kind within a mile of this place now called Eldred. They took possession of the house and sawmill…There was about two acres of cleared land.
—January 1, 1876, Maria Austin, granddaughter.


Halfway Brook. Photo courtesy of my cousin Cynthia.

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Chapter 1 The Town of Lumberland 1798 to 1815

It was the beginning of December 1815. A lone log house and sawmill stood silently on almost two acres of cleared land near the middle of Halfway Brook, in the Town of Lumberland, New York. There were no other buildings around for a mile in any direction.

So starts Chapter One in The Mill on Halfway Brook.

There are many Halfway Brooks. The Halfway Brook of The Mill on Halfway Brook flows through the Town of Highland, New York on its way to the Delaware River. The Mongaup River (and Town of Lumberland border) to the east and the Ten Mile River to the west, also flow into the Delaware River.

Halfway Brook not far from where the old mill probably
stood. Photo courtesy of my cousin Cynthia.

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March 19, 2010: Book Two

First of all I would like to thank those of you who bought, The Mill on Halfway Brook. I hope you enjoy reading the book.

It’s been busy times and a steep learning curve with the publishing of The Mill on Halfway Brook. But last evening, everything seemed calm, so I started getting the photos I wanted for the next book into the correct file.

This involved using Photoshop. To my dismay, neither Photoshop, nor Indesign (my book layout program) worked. Once again, my tech help—husband Gary, is back troubleshooting and restoring my computer so I can work on my book.

My computer crashed twice during the writing of The Mill on Halfway Brook. You may be able to comprehend my panic and appreciation for the tech help I have, and why I wrote the following on my acknowledgment page:

This book would not have been possible without my husband Gary’s technical help, design expertise, and editing. He kept the computers working, designed the cover, interior layout, created maps, and retouched photos—all this while doing major, complete renovation of our house and coping with a wife who is always working on this book. Thank you, Gary.

Most of the inside of the house is done. Looks like Book Two will be written (I’m assuming my computer will be working soon) during the renovation of the outside.

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